Sebutan samurai yang dialamatkan pada pedang jepang merupakan salah kaprah. Samurai sendiri adalah sebutan untuk Japanese warrior. Sedangkan yang dimaksud pedang itu disebut dengan Ken. Untuk memudahkan para pembaca sekalian maka untuk menyebut pedang pada tulisan ini digunakan istilah pedang samurai.
Pedang samurai sendiri di jepang dibagi dalam banyak jenis. Pembagian jenis-jenis pedang berdasarkan ukurannya. Setiap pedang diukur dengan ukuran "Shaku" dimana 1 shaku berarti sekitar 30 cm. Berikut ini jenis-jenis pedang samurai yang dikelompokkan berdasar panjangnya

1. Tanto

Anda pernah melihat Film Goemon, anda pasti mengetahui pedang ini. Pedang ini dibawa oleh putri sebagai pertahanan diri. Ukuran pedang ini sekitar 25 cm, masuk kategori pisau.

Penggunaannya biasanya untuk menusuk tiba-tiba. Perempuan Jepang jaman dulu membawa tanto di balik obi (ikat pinggang kimono) untuk self defence ataupun untuk spontan attack.

2. Wakizashi

Anda penggemar Final Fantasy, pasti tidak asing dengan tokoh Yojinbo. Pendekar pedang yang mampu membelah apa saja. Salah satu serangannya ada wakizashi. Wakizashi merupakan jenis pedang samurai dengan panjang antara 30-60 cm, para samurai biasa menggunakannya sebagai secondary weapon.

3. Kodachi


Kodachi senjata kesayangan Aoshi Shinomori anggota Jupon Gatana dalam serial manga Samurai X. Kodachi lebih panjang dari wakizashi, tetapi lebih pendek dari katana. Biasa digunakan sebagai perisai dalam hand - to - hand combat.

Karena tidak sepanjang katana (kurang dari 2 shaku) maka tidak menyalahi aturan membawa pedang di zaman Edo sehingga boleh dibawa oleh orang biasa (dulu cuma samurai yang boleh bawa pedang). Pedangnya lebih melengkung dari wakizashi. Pedang ini cukup ringan sehingga memudahkan penggunanya bergerak lincah.

4. Katana


Katana merupakan pedang khas ninja. Setiap ninja mempunyai katana dipunggung mereka. Anda penggemar film Ninja Hatori, pasti tidak asing dengan Pedang ini. Pedang ini merupakan pedang umum dengan panjang antara 70-80 cm.

Tipe single-edge dan melengkung. selain dipakai ninja, pedang ini juga dibawa oleh kaum samurai untuk merepresentasikan status sosialnya. Biasanya dibawa berpasangan dengan wakizashi atau tanto yang digunakan untuk close-quarter combat dimana katana digunakan untuk open-quarter combat.

5. Tsurugi


Pedang yang tak serupa dengan jenis pedang yang lainnya. Pedang ini tidak melengkung tapi lurus seperti pedang korea. Tsurugi merupakan pedang tipe broadsword, lebih berat dibanding pedang yang lainnya. Sangat cocok digunakan untuk mengahadapi musuh bertameng maupun berarmor tebal.

6.Chokuto


Sama seperti katana, hanya saja tidak melengkung tetapi lurus. Ditemukan sebelum jaman Heian sebelum orang Jepang menemukan teknik melengkungkan pedang (yang ternyata unik caranya).

Karena pedangnya lurus sulit digunakan dan jarang dipakai dalam pertempuran. Setelah ditemukannya katana, chokuto masih tetap diproduksi tetapi kebanyakan berfungsi sebagai ceremonial sword.

7. Ninja-to


Pedang para ninja, selain katana, ninjato merupakan pilihan para ninja. Ringkas dan ringan membuat pedang ini mudah untuk dimasukkan kedalam baju. Perbedaan mendasar antara katana dan ninja-to terletak pada sesainnya. Ninjato tidak melengkung seperti katana tetapi lurus.

8. Nodachi & Odachi


Pedang yang sangat panjang. Merupakan pedang terpanjang dengan panjang hampir 80 cm. Pedang ini tidak cocok untuk close combat karena ribet dengan ukurannya.

Pedang ini digunakan untuk membelah pasukan berkuda beserta kudanya. Dalam serial manga Samurai deeper Kyo, ia menggunakan pedang tipe ini. Walaupun sebenarnya tidak cocok untuk close combat. Pembuatan pedang ini termasuk dalam kategori sulit, sehingga pedang ini merupakan pedang langka.

9. Nagamaki


Pedang dengan panjang mata pedang dan gagang yang sama. Termasuk dalam katagori belati, Digunakan untuk serangan mendadak. Penggunaan pedang ini tidak seefisien Tanto. Tapi pedang ini memilki keindahan lebih.

10. Naginata

Naginata merupakan tombak dengan mata pisau katana. Digunakan prajurit wanita pertarungan jarak menengah. Gagang dibuat dari kayu dan mata tombak katana melengkung. Sangat cocok untuk tipe pertempuran Chaos.

11. Yari

Yari merupakan tipe tombak. Berbeda dengan naginata, mata tombak dibuat lurus. Bentuk Lurus ini efektif digunakan menusuk musuh yang datang dari depan. Biasanya dipakai pria untuk mengahadang laju pasukan musuh. Senjata ini diapakai Oleh Madarame Ikaku dalam serial manga Bleach.
Nah indah bukan, pedang samurai merupakan pedang dengan keindahan yang tinggi. Dibuat dengan tidak sembarangan. Ketajaman dipadukan dengan keindahan. Sungguh pedang ini nampak elegan. Bagaimana, Anda tertarik memilikinya?

sumber:http://jelajahunik.blogspot.com/2010/10/jenis-jenis-pedang-samurai.html

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